A recent topic of conversation throughout the pet community has been the surge of canine influenza cases. While the disease is not a new discovery – it was first detected in the U.S. at a Florida greyhound race track in 2004 – its rampant spread through Chicago, Illinois in May, and its presence in several other states, has created a fear of the disease for those who have canine companions.
Influenza, commonly referred to as the flu, is a viral infection of the respiratory tract. As with human influenza, there are different strains of canine influenza. The cases reported in 2004 were of the H3N8 strain, which originated in horses and spread to dogs. However, the most recent strain in the U.S. has been identified as the strain H3N2, an avian flu virus that adapted to infect dogs. The H3N2 virus was previously reported only in Asia and was likely spread through the numerous Asian animal markets. It is speculated the strain made its way to Chicago from infected dogs rescued and imported from the continent. It then spread to other states as people traveled and exposed their dogs to infected dogs.
To date, no cases of the new strain have been reported in the Memphis, Tennessee area, but that doesn’t mean there’s no cause for concern. It’s estimated thousands of dogs across the nation have become infected with the virus, with a mortality rate of two to three percent.
Prevention is Key
Make sure your dog is up-to-date on his vaccines, and be cautious around other dogs, since the disease can be contracted through sneezing, licking and coughing. Many veterinary professionals suggest keeping your dog away from areas where large groups of dogs congregate, such as dog parks, grooming facilities and kennels. Also, be sure to avoid sharing toys, food and water bowls, and crates with other dogs. It may also be beneficial to spray indoor surfaces with disinfectant since the virus can linger for up to two days, and stabilizes in feces for up to one week. Nearly 100% of exposed dogs become infected, so it’s best to steer clear of any possible exposure.
Know the Symptoms
Dogs most likely to suffer from the disease are either very young or very old. Symptoms of the virus include a soft, moist cough; sneezing; discharge from the nose and eyes; lethargy; reduced appetite; fever; and pneumonia-like respiratory issues. If your dog displays any of these symptoms, call your vet’s office immediately to schedule a visit. Upon arrival, for the protection of other dogs in the area, keep your dog in the car and alert veterinary staff who can move him into an isolation area. Be aware, some infected dogs do not display any symptoms. If you suspect your dog was in contact with an infected pooch, your vet can perform a test to detect the virus, if present.
Treatment
As a viral disease, there is no specific treatment for the flu. Most vets will prescribe antibiotics to prevent secondary infections and recommend supportive care to boost immunity, such as ensuring your dog’s comfort – perhaps your vet will prescribe a medication to ease any pain – and proper hydration. Recovery time is typically three weeks.
The Bottom Line
Avoid any unnecessary interaction with unfamiliar dogs or those who display signs of illness, and be aware of your dog’s behavior and physical symptoms. While the virus is definitely something to be weary of, it can be prevented and treated.
